Le Dr Cheikh Diop, chercheur au laboratoire de climatologie et d’environnement (LCE) de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, a recommandé de promouvoir les énergies renouvelables pour réduire l’impact des émissions de gaz à effet de serre à l’orée de l’ère du pétrole et du gaz au Sénégal.
‘’Comme l’exploitation du pétrole et du gaz va s’accompagner d’une émission de gaz à effet de serre, on peut contrebalancer cela en développant les énergies renouvelables’’, a dit le docteur Diop lors d’un panel portant sur les changements climatiques, organisé par l’Amicale des anciens élèves de l’école Wiliam Ponty.
De l’avis du spécialiste en climatologie, la promotion de telles énergies implique des investissements dans le solaire et l’éolien, ce que le gouvernement a déjà commencé, selon lui.
‘’En augmentant ces investissements, on peut tendre vers la neutralité carbone’’, a-t-il expliqué.
Ce qui est l’important selon lui, c’est de ‘’pouvoir contrebalancer ces émissions en investissant massivement dans le solaire et l’éolien’’.
Le docteur Cheikh Diop, enseignant-chercheur au département de géographie de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, rappelle que l’Afrique est le continent le plus vulnérable aux changements climatiques.
Selon lui, il y a plusieurs impacts dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de la pêche et la santé.
‘’Concernant l’agriculture, on peut noter des changements dans le domaine du démarrage de la saison pluviométrique annuel. Tous ces changements ont des impacts sur les rendements des céréales et de l’arachide’’, a-t-il expliqué.
Dans le domaine de la pêche, dit-il, on peut citer les stocks de poissons, les changements de la température de l’eau à la surface océanique. Il explique que c’est ce qui fait que ‘’certaines espèces migrent vers d’autres côtes’’, poussant les pécheurs à ‘’aller de plus en plus loin en mer’’.
Pour ce qui concerne la santé, dit-il, elle dépend des ‘’’conditions environnementales’’.
Aussi lorsque des changements climatiques surviennent, cela se répercute-t-il sur l’environnement et indirectement sur la santé, a-t-il fait observer.
‘’Dans certaines zones, on peut avoir une augmentation des cas de paludisme, une recrudescence de maladies comme la dengue qui sont des maladies à vecteur’’, a-t-il mis en garde.
Le Dr Diop fait aussi état d’impact au niveau des zones côtières qui sont vulnérables et sont frappées par l’érosion.
‘’Avec l’élévation marine, ces zones sont menacées alors qu’il s’agit de zones où il y a beaucoup d’investissements, car étant des zones touristiques et de loisirs’’, fait-il remarquer.
Beaucoup de capitales africaines sont menacées par l’élévation du niveau de la mer et de l’érosion, d’où l’intérêt de développer des solutions palliatives, comme le développement des énergies renouvelables, a suggéré Dr Cheikh Diop.
APS
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