Examiner les mécanismes de protection sociale existants dédiés aux musiciens et aux travailleurs du spectacle vivant afin de permettre à chacun d’entre eux d’avoir un statut de salarié et donc un accès aux caisses de la Sécurité sociale, en particulier une protection en matière de santé, allocations familiales et retraites.
C’est l’un des objectifs de l’atelier qui se déroule depuis hier à Dakar et organisé par l’Association des métiers de la musique du Sénégal (Ams). A l’issue de cet atelier de 3 jours, l’Ams, qui propose la création d’un guichet unique, compte également déposer un mémorandum sur la table des autorités.
La loi portant Statut de l’artiste et des professionnels de la culture institue une présomption de contrat de travail pour les artistes et professionnels du spectacle qui confèrera à la majorité d’entre eux un statut de salarié et donc un accès aux caisses de la Sécurité sociale, en particulier une protection en matière de santé, allocations familiales et retraites.
Mais comment marche le Guichet unique des spectacles, des cotisations sociales pour tous les employeurs d’artistes et de professionnels du spectacle, qu’il s’agisse de spectacle vivant ou de spectacle enregistré.
C’est tout le sens de l’atelier organisé par l’Association des métiers de la musique du Sénégal (Ams). Avec cette rencontre de 3 trois jours (du 4 au 6 juin 2024), qui fait suite à un précédent événement sur l’organisation syndicale et le dialogue social, des musiciens, travailleurs du spectacle vivant, des représentants d’organisations professionnelles, des experts en protection sociale, des représentants du gouvernement et d’autres parties prenantes intéressées veulent ainsi déposer un mémorandum sur la table des autorités pour améliorer la protection sociale des musiciens et des travailleurs du spectacle vivant.
«Ils sont venus avec des propositions pour avoir une phase expérimentale qui leur permettra de voir comment marche le Guichet unique et comment après, il pourra être étendu à tous les professionnels de la culture.
Et la question principale, c’est comment faire en sorte de mettre en œuvre la protection sociale des artistes, le Guichet unique qu’on préconise et qui a été accepté par les acteurs. Comment, techniquement, ce guichet va fonctionner ? C’est ce que nous tentons d’apporter comme réponse. Et le consensus qui sera trouvé permettra d’ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles perspectives», explique Daniel Gomes, président de l’Association des métiers de la musique du Sénégal (Ams).
Il fait remarquer d’ailleurs que depuis quelques années, ce que les artistes étaient en train de développer, c’est comment anticiper sur ce qu’annonce la loi sur le Statut de l’artiste.
«Les artistes pendant longtemps ont demandé à avoir un statut. Aujourd’hui, ils ont un statut, mais la question est : vous avez un statut depuis 2020 et qu’est-ce que ça vous a apporté ? Et rares sont les artistes et les professionnels de la culture qui puissent dire : voilà ce que le statut nous apporte.» Par conséquent, il estime que l’Ams est dans cette divulgation, dans cette vulgarisation de ce que ce statut apporte.
Mesures techniques
Si Daniel Gomes admet que la principale conséquence que le statut apporte est la présomption de salariat, il constate, en revanche, qu’aujourd’hui, quel que soit l’artiste qui travaille, à la fin du mois, il a tout de suite accès à la sécurité sociale qui fait qu’il est protégé, il protège sa famille et à la fin de sa vie, il peut bénéficier d’une retraite, même si, reconnaît-il, les artistes ne vont pas souvent à la retraite. «Il peut, à partir de 60 ans, bénéficier de ses cotisations de retraite.
Et c’est ça même le fondement de la protection sociale.»
Daniel Gomes et ses camarades estiment ainsi que pour la mise en place de la protection sociale en faveur des artistes et autres travailleurs du secteur du spectacle, il suffit juste d’une signature du président de la République, car les textes d’application ont été validés.
Mais, une fois également ces textes signés et mis en place, ils demandent des mesures techniques sur lesquelles ils vont s’appuyer pour dire un tel est inscrit à la Caisse de sécurité sociale, à l’Ipres, un tel a un bulletin de salaire.
Un guichet unique
«Il faut mettre en place un Guichet unique, mettre en place des conventions avec les acteurs, mettre en place les contrats des artistes avec les différents employeurs, parce que ce ne sont plus des contrats de prestations, mais des contrats de travail», répond Daniel Gomes devant ces interrogations.
Toutefois, pour ne pas encourager le travail clandestin, il est essentiel que la mise en œuvre de toutes ces nouvelles obligations pour les employeurs soit aussi simple et facile que possible et ne se traduise pas par des «tracasseries» administratives qui pourraient être évitées, estime Daniel Gomes.
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