L’immigration irrégulière vers les îles Canaries a connu une augmentation spectaculaire de 259,6 % au cours des cinq premiers mois de 2024, avec un total de 17 117 personnes enregistrées, selon les chiffres révélés par le ministère de l’Intérieur espagnol hier lundi 3 juin.
Cette tendance s’inscrit dans un contexte plus large d’une hausse globale des arrivées de migrants irréguliers en Espagne, qui a atteint 137 % par rapport à la même période l’année précédente, pour un total de 21 926 arrivées.
Les migrants proviennent principalement d’Afrique subsaharienne et du Maghreb, notamment du Sénégal, du Mali, de la Guinée, de la Gambie, du Maroc, de la Côte d’Ivoire, du Togo et du Niger.
Ces derniers continuent de braver les dangers de la mer pour atteindre les côtes espagnoles. En 2024, la Mauritanie a pris le relais du Sénégal comme principal point de départ des embarcations.
Le début de l’année 2024 a vu un afflux massif de migrants, avec 11 932 arrivées irrégulières enregistrées entre janvier et février.
Toutefois, une baisse notable a été observée dans les mois suivants : 1 183 en mars, environ 2 800 en avril et 1 135 en mai. Cette diminution est en partie due à l’action des nouvelles autorités au Sénégal, qui ont arrêté de nombreuses embarcations avant leur départ.
Malgré cette baisse récente, le nombre total d’embarcations atteignant les îles Canaries a plus que doublé par rapport à la même période en 2023, passant de 106 à 261.
Les arrivées par voie maritime constituent la majorité des entrées irrégulières en Espagne, avec 20 854 personnes, soit 12 042 de plus qu’au cours des cinq premiers mois de l’année dernière.
Les arrivées par la mer à la péninsule ibérique et aux îles Baléares, cependant, ont diminué de 6,6 %, passant de 3 987 migrants en 2023 à 3 723 en 2024.
Les arrivées à Ceuta et Melilla par voie maritime ont également chuté, avec seulement 13 migrants à Ceuta (contre 22 l’année dernière) et 1 à Melilla (contre 43 en 2023).
En revanche, les arrivées par voie terrestre à Ceuta ont augmenté, atteignant 1 056 migrants au cours des cinq premiers mois de 2024, contre 389 en 2023. Melilla a vu une diminution de ses arrivées terrestres, avec 16 migrants enregistrés cette année, contre 51 l’année dernière.
Ces chiffres soulignent l’importance des flux migratoires vers l’Espagne, influencés par une multitude de facteurs allant des conditions politiques dans les pays d’origine à l’efficacité des mesures de contrôle aux frontières.
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