Les Africains ne veulent pas aller à la Cop 27, prévue en Egypte en novembre prochain, en rangs dispersés. Pour préparer ce sommet mondial sur l’environnement, les ministres, en charge de la question sur le continent, organisent à Dakar, depuis hier, la 2e phase de la 18e session de la Conférence africaine sur l’environnement, en vue d’harmoniser leurs positions sur les points qui les préoccupent le plus.
En prélude à la Cop-27, qui aura lieu au mois de novembre prochain en Egypte, l’Afrique veut parler d’une seule voix sur les questions de l’environnement. «Nous nous sommes réunis pour échanger et nous entendre pour harmoniser nos positions sur les questions qui seront sur la table», alerte Abdou Karim Sall, qui a présidé hier la cérémonie d’ouverture de la 2e phase de la 18e session de la Conférence ministérielle africaine sur l’environnement. «L’Afrique doit harmoniser sa position sur les questions restées en suspens», note M. Sall. Il s’agit notamment des questions qui n’ont pas totalement été épuisées lors des Cop-25 de Madrid, Cop-26 de Glasgow.
Avec la Cop-27, qui va s’organiser pour la première fois en terre africaine, les pays africains veulent harmoniser leurs positions en se rencontrant du 2 au 5 octobre à Kinshasa, en République démocratique du Congo. «Cette pré-Cop est déterminante parce qu’il y a des points qui ne sont pas encore inscrits à l’ordre du jour, telle la question liée aux pertes et préjudice. Nous voudrons tout faire afin qu’elle soit inscrite à l’ordre du jour de la Cop 27», note le ministre de l’Environnement.
Il faut savoir que six points ont fait l’objet d’une discussion lors de cette 2e phase de la 18e session de la Conférence ministérielle africaine sur l’environnement, qui s’est tenue à Dakar. Et les enjeux sont énormes : «Nous avons identifié près de six points sur lesquels nous allons nous accorder et parler d’une seule voix pour que la voix du continent soit entendue», insiste le ministre de l’Environnement. Il regrette qu’il n’existe pas de fonds dédié permettant aux pays vulnérables de faire face à des situations imprévisibles liées au changement climatique comme les inondations, les pluies hors saison. «Les pays africains pensent mettre en place ce fonds qui permettra de soutenir les pays vulnérables lorsque des événements imprévisibles surviennent», poursuit A. K. Sall. Il vient de poser sur la table, la vraie question, à savoir les financements pour atténuer le réchauffement climatique en Afrique. «L’objet, c’est d’avoir une allocation équilibrée entre l’adaptation, l’atténuation et le fonds pour les pertes et préjudices. Cette allocation équilibrée va permettre aux pays africains de tenir compte de la situation de vulnérabilité face aux changements climatiques qui les frappent», insiste le ministre de l’Environnement.
Par ailleurs, il ne faut pas oublier la transition juste et équitable. Et l’Afrique est en train de faire des efforts considérables dans ce domaine. Il dit : «La plupart des pays africains sont déjà inscrits dans une trajectoire sobre du carbone. Nous n’avons aucune leçon à recevoir d’aucun pays développé en ce qui concerne la transition énergétique.» Il cite l’exemple du Sénégal, qui a atteint 31% de mix énergétique. «Nous n’attendons pas qu’on nous dise qu’il faut, de manière brutale, quitter l’exploitation du gaz et du pétrole pour se conformer à la volonté des pays qui se sont déjà développés à partir des énergies fossiles. L’Afrique refuse ainsi de subir cette injustice. Nous n’accepterons pas de subir cette injustice quand elle vise le développement économique et social du continent», claironne M. Sall. Quid de la différence du prix de la tonne de carbone séquestrée entre les pays du Nord et du Sud ? «Vous savez tous que la tonne de carbone séquestrée a les mêmes résultats sur l’atteinte des objectifs d’1,5 degré à ne pas dépasser.
Qu’on séquestre une tonne de carbone à Dakar, cela a les mêmes effets sur les objectifs qu’on séquestre une tonne de carbone aux Etats-Unis. Donc, il n’est pas juste et équitable que les prix de la tonne de carbone soient différents», assène le ministre, qui réclame une «justice climatique» dans ce domaine. Pour lui, celle-ci est basé sur le principe du pollueur-payeur. Il est logique de demander aux 20 pays qui émettent près de 80 % des émissions, de mettre les moyens destinés à l’adaptation du continent dont le niveau d’émission ne dépasse pas 4%. «Il est temps qu’on applique de manière rigoureuse, le principe du pollueur-payeur. Sur ce chapitre, le Président Macky Sall disait, lors du Sommet de Rotherham, que l’Afrique n’est pas venue à Rotherham pour tendre la main. Il faudrait que l’on reconnaisse la responsabilité commune, mais différenciée sur ce qui se passe aujourd’hui au niveau de la planète», note-t-il.
En Egypte, l’Afrique espère que justice lui sera rendue et ses doléances prises en charge dans les textes d’application de l’Accord de Paris.
lequotidien
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