Près de 2000 ha de coton sur 10 000 cultivés dans la région Sodefitex de Vélingara sont attaqués par une mouche-parasite appelée jasside. Elle anéantit ainsi l’espoir d’un bon pourcentage des producteurs de l’or blanc de la première zone de culture de cette spéculation au Sénégal. Ils expriment leurs inquiétudes et appellent au secours.
Des cotonniers rabougris de près de 40 cm de hauteur, en phase de maturation, dont des capsules sont en éclosion çà et là avec un feuillage rougeâtre, signe qu’ils ont perdu leur chlorophylle. Des insectes de couleur verte qui voltigent dessus. C’est le spectacle désolant qui s’offrent sur près de 5 ha dans un champ du village de Saré Boucka dans la commune de Saré Coly Sallé. Il s’agit de la parcelle de coton de Ousmane Baldé, habitant le village de Saré Yéroyel, qui explique ce qui est arrivé à son champ. «Ici j’ai emblavé 5 ha avec une dette de près d’1 million de francs en intrants (engrais, pesticide, herbicide, préparation du sol).
Les producteurs de coton de Vélingara font face à la pire des attaques du cotonnier par des parasites qu’ils n’ont jamais vécue depuis plus de 50 ans. Sur 9 tonnes attendues dans ce champ, je n’espère pas avoir 1 tonne, après récolte. Et là il faudra que la récolte soit précoce, donc il faut payer des travailleurs saisonniers. Ce qui va en rajouter à la perte. Il a fallu, pour avoir ce maigre résultat, que je pulvérise le champ toutes les 2 semaines avec un pesticide que je prends à crédit. J’ai traité le coton 12 fois, certains ont traité à 15 reprises alors que 7 traitements suffisaient souvent», dit-il, l’air découragé.
Le technicien agronome, responsable régional de la Sodefitex à Vélingara, donne plus d’éclairages sur le sinistre qu’est en train de vivre la première zone productrice de l’or blanc au Sénégal avec plus de 50% de la production nationale. Mamadou Mballo dit : «Le constat est général : les cotonniers ont subi des attaques d’une espèce de mouche appelée jasside. Nous l’avons découverte pour la première fois dans le secteur de Kounkané au mois de juillet. En réalité c’est une espèce que l’on connaît dans la zone, mais elle apparaissait en fin de campagne. On parvenait à trouver une matière active qui la combattait avec bonheur.
Cette année, elle est apparue précocement et en grand nombre. Nos protocoles traditionnels se sont avérés inefficaces, même en rapprochant les périodes de traitement. L’espèce est très coriace et se multiplie très vite. Elle a une salive très toxique avec laquelle la plante attaquée ne se développe pas.» Et puis de donner des chiffres pour mesurer l’ampleur des dégâts qui frappent la zone cotonnière du fouladou. «Sur plus de 15% de nos parcelles, on n’espère rien récolter. La zone cotonnière de Vélingara avait emblavé 10 000 ha. Avec ces attaques, 2000 ha ne produiront rien. Certaines autres surfaces produiront très peu», prédit-il.
Pour cultiver le coton, les agriculteurs s’endettent auprès des banques avec la garantie de la Fédération nationale des producteurs de coton (Fnpc). Son vice-président, Ndila Baldé, informe : «Un ha de coton peut coûter au bas mot, 126 000 francs Cfa. C’est dire que l’ardoise de la dette est énorme et sera impossible à rembourser sans l’appui de l’Etat ou d’autres organismes internationaux. Ce coût ne prend pas en compte les autres charges liées à la campagne comme l’alimentation, les prestations de services extérieures et autres déplacements. En plus, le type d’assurance à laquelle nous avons souscrit ne prend pas en compte ce genre de sinistre.
Notre Compagnie d’assurance partenaire n’intervient qu’en cas de sécheresse. Le soutien de l’Etat est vivement sollicité.»
A rappeler que la région cotonnière de Vélingara compte cette saison, 8075 producteurs qui ont emblavé 10 000 ha répartis dans 400 villages. Cette attaque va négativement impacter les ménages ruraux de cette contrée où le coton constitue 35% des spéculations dans les exploitations agricoles familiales.
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