La viabilité des projets élaborés par les États est un critère fondamental, dont tiennent rigoureusement compte les partenaires financiers avant de leur octroyer des fonds en vue de leur réalisation, ont rappelé les experts réunis vendredi à Diamniadio, à une trentaine de kilomètres à l’est de Dakar, pour la seconde journée du forum du Réseau africain des delivery units (RADU).
« Aujourd’hui, quand vous discutez avec les bailleurs de fonds, ils vous disent que l’argent n’est pas un problème. Si vous venez en Afrique, on vous dit qu’il y a des projets mais on n’a pas de financements.
Donc, cela veut dire que les investisseurs ne mettent leur argent que dans des projets bancables et viables », a expliqué Bacacar Gning, le directeur général adjoint du FONSIS, le Fonds souverain d’investissements stratégiques, créé par l’État du Sénégal pour renforcer ses investissements aux côtés du secteur privé et booster l’activité économique.
M. Gning intervenait à un panel sur « la maturation des grands projets et la mobilisation des financements », à l’occasion du forum du RADU.
« Vous pouvez avoir 1.000 projets. Si vous ne démontrez pas de façon objective que ces projets sont viables et bancables, avec un niveau de rentabilité suffisant pour répondre aux attentes de ceux qui détiennent les capitaux, vous ne pourrez pas faire financer vos projets », a-t-il signalé.
Selon le directeur général adjoint du FONSIS, la maturation des projets est également nécessaire pour convaincre ceux qui détiennent les capitaux de les sortir.
En outre, Babacar Gning invite les États africains à miser sur l’expertise locale lorsqu’il s’agit d’élaborer leurs projets et de les faire financer par les détenteurs de capitaux.
« Les projets qui feront l’Afrique de demain, il faut qu’on les conçoive avec nos ressources humaines, avec l’expertise africaine », a-t-il conseillé aux représentants des 16 pays membres du RADU.
Catherine Phuong, représentante adjointe du Programme des Nations unies pour le développement (PNUD) au Sénégal, a évoqué les expériences et les leçons de cette institution internationale en matière de réalisation de projets au Sénégal et dans d’autres pays.
« Les grands projets des États doivent avoir un impact direct sur la vie des populations pour aspirer à être financés », a-t-elle dit en animant l’un des panels du forum.
« Il faut, dès le début, évaluer l’impact des projets en termes de contribution au développement. L’organisation des projets doit être claire et détaillée », a-t-elle souligné en parlant de l’expérience du PNUD en matière de contribution à la réalisation des projets des pays partenaires.
Les grands projets des États doivent également avoir une « approche intégrée » pour attirer les financements dont ils ont besoin, selon Mme Phuong.
« Il faut aussi qu’on adopte une approche innovante dans la maturation des projets », a-t-elle ajouté.
Catherine Phuong a parlé en même temps des difficultés des États en matière d’exécution des grands projets.
« La préparation des projets est un peu plus facile que la mise en œuvre. Mais fournir beaucoup d’efforts dans la préparation des projets facilite leur mise en œuvre », a-t-elle observé.
« On se heurte souvent à des problèmes dans la mise en œuvre des grands projets, parce que la phase de préparation n’a pas été bien faite », a signalé la représentante adjointe du PNUD au Sénégal.
La première édition du forum du Réseau africain des delivery units a eu lieu au centre international de conférences Abdou-Diouf de Diamniadio.
Il a été organisé par le Bureau opérationnel de suivi du Plan Sénégal émergent, la section sénégalaise du RADU, la Banque africaine de développement et le PNUD.
Les delivery units sont des structures gouvernementales d’appui, de suivi et d’évaluation des politiques publiques.
APS
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