Natural resource governance institute (Nrgi), en partenariat avec l’Association des journalistes pour la transparence dans les ressources extractives (Ajtrex) et la coalition Publiez ce que vous payez (Pcqvp), a organisé du 4 au 6 juillet 2022, une formation sur l’Indice de gouvernance des ressources naturelles (Rgi). L’objectif de cette formation était de permettre aux acteurs de la Société civile et aux journalistes de comprendre et s’approprier le Rgi que produit Nrgi.
A l’issue de cette session, le Directeur régional Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre de cette organisation indépendante, Dr Hervé Lado, est revenu sur cet Indice qui a attribué au Sénégal, en 2021, un score de 75/100 pour le secteur minier et 82/100 pour celui pétrolier/gazier.
Vous êtes le Directeur régional Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre de Natural resource governance institute (Nrgi), qui produit l’Indice de gouvernance des ressources naturelles (Rgi). A quoi renvoie cet Indice, quel est son importance ?
Il s’agit du seul indice international dédié à la gouvernance du secteur extractif. Le Rgi mesure les performances d’un pays en matière de gouvernance, sous l’angle de la transparence et de la redevabilité. Il ne mesure donc pas tout et n’a par exemple pas la prétention d’évaluer l’opportunité d’une politique publique. Le Rgi est important parce qu’une bonne manière de comprendre un phénomène est de l’évaluer, le mesurer, à l’image d’un thermomètre qui mesure le niveau de température pour savoir à quel point il fait chaud ou froid. En mesurant le niveau de gouvernance d’un pays, le Rgi fournit aux parties prenantes, en particulier les gouvernements et les acteurs de la Société civile, des moyens d’identifier leurs forces et faiblesses et les domaines prioritaires ou de réaliser des réformes, afin que les ressources extractives génèrent les bénéfices attendus par les citoyens. L’évaluation du Sénégal a été publiée en 2021 pour le secteur minier et celui pétrolier/gazier. Pour en savoir plus, bien vouloir visiter le site de Rgi : www.resourcegovernanceindex.org.
Dans le rapport Rgi 2021, le Sénégal a été noté 75/100, avec une mention «bien». Cela veut-il dire que les ressources extractives sont bien gouvernées au Sénégal ?
Le score global du Sénégal en 2021 est de 75/100 pour le secteur minier et 82/100 pour celui pétrolier/gazier. Ces scores globaux montrent un niveau satisfaisant dans la gouvernance des ressources minières et pétrolières au Senegal. Toutefois, il convient de lire le rapport et surtout de naviguer dans la base de données du Rgi pour se rendre compte que ces scores cachent des faiblesses dans des domaines importants comme le transfert des revenus miniers aux collectivités territoriales, qui tardent à se matérialiser, ou encore la divulgation publique par le personnel de l’Etat et des entreprises publiques, ainsi que les personnes politiquement exposées de leurs participations éventuelles dans le secteur extractif qui garantirait que les ressources minières et pétrolières ne soient confisquées par les élites politiques.
Quel apport a le Rgi dans la gouvernance des pays, notamment le Sénégal ?
A vous, journalistes, de me le dire. Il me semble que la publication du Rgi 2021 a suscité un grand débat au Sénégal. C’est le premier objectif du Rgi, car sa valeur ajoutée est d’alimenter les débats avec des données basées sur des faits et preuves. Nrgi produit le Rgi selon une méthodologie rigoureuse et rend public l’ensemble des faits et preuves qui soutiennent les scores. Toutes ces données sont libres d’accès sur le site du Rgi : www.resourcegovernanceindex.org. Les échanges que nous avons eus avec les parties prenantes avant sa publication en 2021, ont également permis de légitimer et d’accélérer certaines réformes qui étaient en cours (comme la publication en ligne des cadastres désormais accessibles à tous) et d’envisager de nouvelles réformes visant la divulgation de données plus détaillées provenant des sociétés d’Etat du secteur. Donc plus de transparence et de redevabilité au bénéfice des citoyens sénégalais.
Des réformes ont été faites dans le cadre juridique du Sénégal. Mais est-ce que le pays tire pleinement parti de ces réformes ?
Les autorités sénégalaises peuvent exploiter davantage le rapport du Rgi 2021 et la base de données du Rgi pour identifier les domaines où des réformes sont nécessaires pour que le pays tire pleinement profit de ses ressources. L’Itie au Sénégal, qui est un important partenaire de Nrgi, est dans cette dynamique et travaille avec les parties prenantes (gouvernement, Société civile, entreprises extractives) pour poursuivre les réformes. La Société civile doit également jouer pleinement son rôle au sein de ce processus Itie, mais aussi en dehors. Nrgi est disponible pour l’accompagner avec des analyses, des formations et de l’assistance technique. C’était le but de la formation que Nrgi et ses partenaires, Ajtrex (l’Association des journalistes pour la transparence dans les ressources extractives : Ndlr) et Pcqvp (Publiez ce que vous payez : Ndlr) ont organisée pour 25 journalistes et acteurs de la Société civile du 4 au 6 juillet 2022, sur l’utilisation du Rgi pour le plaidoyer et sur le suivi des obligations légales et contractuelles dans le secteur extractif en vue de susciter des réformes.
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