Mois d’août douloureux pour Sanofi. Le géant pharmaceutique, dont l’image avait déjà souffert de ses difficultés à développer un vaccin anti-Covid, inquiète désormais les marchés face à une accumulation de mauvaises nouvelles.
« Sanofi met un terme au programme mondial de développement clinique de l’amcenestrant », a annoncé ce mercredi le groupe, faisant baisser son action de presque 5% à la Bourse de Paris.
Cette molécule était destinée à lutter contre certains cancers avancés du sein. Mais Sanofi a pris acte d’essais cliniques insuffisamment probants.
Pour le groupe, il s’agit d’une nouvelle mauvaise nouvelle après un début août déjà plombé par une défiance sans précédent des marchés depuis plusieurs années, son titre ayant perdu plus de 15% depuis juillet.
Certes, l’image de Sanofi avait déjà pâli auprès du grand public à cause de ses retards et difficultés à développer un vaccin anti-Covid.
Toutefois, ce sujet n’a jamais vraiment préoccupé les investisseurs. Or, si les problèmes récents de Sanofi sont moins en vue du grand public, ils sont jugés nettement plus problématiques pour ses perspectives.
Les marchés réagissent mal à l’échec de l’amcenestrant dans un contexte où Sanofi s’était largement recentré ces dernières années sur la lutte contre le cancer, au détriment notamment du marché du diabète.
Certes, contrairement à de plus petits groupes pharmaceutiques, un échec isolé ne menace pas l’avenir de Sanofi, mais il risque de rendre le groupe moins attirant pour les investisseurs.
Selon les analystes de la banque Cowen, les ventes d’amcenestrant auraient ainsi dû représenter 350 millions d’euros en 2027, à mettre en regard avec les quelque 38 milliards d’euros de revenus engrangés l’an dernier par le groupe.
Pour certains observateurs, c’est d’abord la communication du groupe qui est en cause: les mauvais résultats du traitement étaient connus depuis mars, mais Sanofi ne s’est pas immédiatement résolu à l’abandonner.
« Les investisseurs vont, à juste titre, douter du discours des dirigeants », remarque Wimal Kapadia, analyste pour le cabinet Bernstein, cité par l’agence Bloomberg.
– Craintes sur un litige –
Mais, plus globalement, l’échec de cet anticancéreux vient alimenter une préoccupation majeure des analystes sur Sanofi: le groupe est-il trop dépendant de son médicament phare, le Dupixent ?
Ce médicament, utilisé notamment contre l’asthme et certaines maladies de peau, permet actuellement à Sanofi de voir la vie en rose avec des ventes en forte hausse. Mais le Dupixent compte désormais pour un cinquième des revenus du groupe, et les investisseurs se préoccupent de ses difficultés à développer de nouveaux traitements prometteurs.
Peu avant l’arrêt de l’amcenestrant, Sanofi avait déjà inquiété les marchés en suspendant les essais d’un traitement de la sclérose en plaque, le tolebrutinib.
Il ne s’agit pas, cette fois, d’un renoncement définitif. Des problèmes graves ont été détectés chez certains patients, et Sanofi doit établir s’il y a un lien direct, avant de reprendre éventuellement les essais.
Reste que cette interruption va, à tout le moins, constituer un contretemps considérable. Et son annonce est d’autant moins bien perçue qu’elle intervient en plein regain de préoccupations sur un autre front, judiciaire cette fois.
Les investisseurs s’inquiètent en effet des conséquences financières d’un litige autour d’un traitement, le Zantac, longtemps vendu aux Etats-Unis et au Canada contre les brûlures d’estomac mais retiré du marché en 2019.
Des études ont, en effet, établi que ce traitement se dégradait dans l’organisme en un composant cancérigène, même s’il n’est pas avéré qu’il ait réellement provoqué des cancers.
Or, des premiers procès vont s’ouvrir ce mois-ci aux Etats-Unis, des patients accusant Sanofi et d’autres groupes d’avoir contribué à leur cancer en vendant du Zantac.
Est-ce pour Sanofi le début d’une affaire semblable à la Dépakine ? Le groupe est confronté de longue date à la justice à cause de cet anti-épileptique responsable de multiples troubles chez des enfants exposés dans le ventre de leur mère.
Il est un peu tôt pour le dire, soulignent toutefois certains analystes, qui estiment difficile d’établir un lien avec un traitement aussi ponctuel qu’un antidouleur, et pour qui Sanofi a de toute façon réagi assez vite dès les premières études préoccupantes.
« L’impact éventuel nous semble aujourd’hui difficilement quantifiable », estiment les analystes du cabinet Oddo, qui jugent « excessive » la réaction des marchés.
sciencesetavenir
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