Entre janvier et juin 2024, le Comité interministériel de lutte contre la migration irrégulière (Cilmi) a enregistré 294 embarcations arrivées aux îles Canaries avec 19 260 migrants irréguliers. Parmi elles, 24 pirogues à partir du Sénégal. L’annonce émane du secrétaire permanent, contrôleur général de police Modou Diagne, dans un document intitulé ‘’Situation de la migration irrégulière au Sénégal’’.

Migration irrégulière entre janvier et juin 2024 : 294 embarcations avec 19 260 migrants, sont arrivées aux îles Canaries, dont 24 pirogues parties du Sénégal.

Pour enrayer le phénomène de l’émigration irrégulière, l’ancien président de la République Macky Sall a créé, par décret n°2020-2393 du 30 décembre 2020, le Comité interministériel de lutte contre la migration irrégulière (Cilmi). Depuis quelques mois, il est dirigé par le contrôleur général de police Modou Diagne. Ce dernier, à travers un document intitulé ‘’Situation de la migration irrégulière au Sénégal’’, a fait le point sur la situation de ce phénomène qui ne cesse de prendre de l’ampleur dans le pays.

Entre janvier et juin 2024, selon le secrétaire permanent, la structure qu’il pilote a enregistré 294 embarcations arrivées aux îles Canaries avec 19 260 migrants irréguliers, notamment 24 pirogues à partir du Sénégal.

En janvier de cette année, 108 embarcations sont arrivées aux îles Canaries avec 7 186 migrants irréguliers ; trois pirogues à partir du Sénégal ont été enregistrées.

En février, 72 embarcations sont arrivées aux Canaries avec 4 746 migrants irréguliers et cinq pirogues à partir du Sénégal. Au mois de mars, 20 embarcations sont arrivées aux îles Canaries avec 1 144 migrants irréguliers et quatre pirogues à partir du Sénégal.

Pour avril, mai et juin, il y a eu respectivement 41 embarcations arrivées aux Canaries avec 2 786 migrants irréguliers et quatre pirogues à partir du Sénégal, 18 embarcations arrivées aux îles Canaries avec 1 180 migrants irréguliers et trois pirogues à partir du Sénégal, et 35 embarcations arrivées aux îles Canaries avec 2 218 migrants irréguliers, soit 5,7 % des arrivées à partir du Sénégal et de la Gambie.

En comparaison, lors du pic des départs de pirogues entre 2006 et 2009, il y a eu 31 000 migrants à bord de 515 embarcations. Aucun départ de pirogues à partir du Sénégal n’a eu lieu de 2009 à 2017. Il y a eu une timide reprise entre 2018 et 2019.

Par la suite, d’après lui, il y a eu une recrudescence en 2020, avec l’arrivée de 41 pirogues ayant pris départ au Sénégal ; 3 632 migrants sénégalais sont arrivés aux Canaries en 2020. Par contre, aucun départ réussi n’a eu lieu, entre novembre 2020 et juillet 2021. Des départs de Sénégalais à partir de la Gambie, de la Mauritanie et du Maroc, surtout depuis 2021, ont été notés, avec quatre départs réussis en 2021.

En 2023, un pic des départs a été constaté, avec 16 pirogues arrivées aux îles Canaries à partir des côtes sénégalaises durant le premier semestre.

‘’La migration irrégulière n’est pas une infraction dans certains pays, le migrant objet de trafic n’est pas punissable, il est considéré comme victime. Seules des mesures administratives lui sont applicables (refoulement, expulsion, rapatriement, etc.)’’, souligne le contrôleur général Modou Diagne dans la même source.

Les migrations par voie maritime

D’après le document, par voie maritime, il y a l’axe Kayar – Sendou – Fass Boye – îles Canaries (quatre départs réussis en 2018) ; axe Banjul – Kayar, Sendou, Mbour – îles Canaries (plusieurs tentatives avortées pour des raisons diverses : problème technique, perte de repères ou interception).

Il y a aussi eu plusieurs départs à partir de la Gambie en 2019 et une recrudescence des départs à partir du Sénégal en 2020 (Mbour, Teffess, Joal, Nianning, Saint-Louis, îles du Saloum).

Les frais de voyage varient entre 150 000 et 650 000 F CFA par passager. Quatre départs ont été réussis en 2021 à partir du Sénégal.

Dans le souci de mieux faire face à l’émigration irrégulière par voie maritime, un dispositif a été mis sur pied. Il s’agit de la mobilisation des moyens aériens et navals des forces de défense et de sécurité (police, gendarmerie, marine et armée de l’air) ainsi que ceux de la Direction de la protection et de la surveillance des pêches, l’organisation de patrouilles terrestres, pédestres et motorisées, maritimes mixtes ou à tour de rôle, aériennes en vue de prévenir les velléités d’embarquement à partir des côtes sénégalaises et la mise en place d’un centre de coordination des opérations au niveau de la marine nationale.

Il y a aussi une salle de permanence qui est instituée au niveau du ministère de l’Intérieur pour assurer le partage des informations entre les forces de défense et de sécurité (FDS) au niveau national et le Centre de coordination régionale des Canaries ainsi qu’un détachement à tour de rôle d’un officier de liaison (marine nationale, armée de l’air, gendarmerie nationale et police nationale) pour 45 jours au niveau du centre de Las Palmas, afin de collecter et faciliter le partage de renseignements sur les départs d’embarcations de migrants clandestins à partir des côtes d’Afrique de l’Ouest ainsi que la création du Cilmi comme cadre de coordination de la lutte contre la migration irrégulière.

Le Cilmi comme une réponse institutionnelle

En vue de trouver des solutions pour l’éradication de ce phénomène devenu un fléau dans notre pays, après des décennies de mise en œuvre de stratégies aussi diverses que variées, les hautes autorités étatiques ont donc décidé de la création d’un Comité interministériel de lutte contre l’émigration clandestine (Cilec) avec une nouvelle approche inclusive s’articulant autour d’une stratégie multisectorielle et multi-acteurs, qui fait le pari de mobiliser les services de l’État, les communautés de base et les partenaires au développement.

Par contre, le Cilmi est une structure de coordination et de suivi des services compétents en matière d’émigration et de surveillance du territoire.

C’est un service rattaché au cabinet du ministre de l’Intérieur. Dirigé par un secrétaire permanent, il compte, en plus des membres d’office des ministères, d’autres structures étatiques et non étatiques, les comités régionaux et départementaux, un adjoint, cinq divisions, 10 bureaux et un secrétariat particulier.

À partir du 1er octobre, il est prévu l’installation des comités régionaux et départementaux dans les zones de départ, une réunion avec les points focaux et l’érection du comité en établissement public.

EnQuete

Part.

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