Le changement climatique a des répercussions de plus en plus visibles sur la santé, notamment en ce qui concerne les maladies non transmissibles (MNT). Cependant, en l’absence de solutions concrètes et de stratégies de gestion adaptées, les conseils de prévention restent le seul recours pour minimiser les incidences de la chaleur sur ces pathologies.
C’est ce qu’a souligné Dr Codou Badiane Mané, point focal santé environnement au ministère de la Santé et de l’Action sociale, lors d’une rencontre organisée jeudi 20 février 2025 à Dakar.
Lors de cette rencontre d’échanges sur une étude visant à explorer les interactions entre santé et climat, Dr Mané a insisté sur le fait qu’aucun remède n’existait encore pour contrer les effets du changement climatique sur la santé. « Il n’y a pas encore de remède ou de réponse, mais des conseils pratiques pour minimiser les incidences de la chaleur sur les maladies non transmissibles », a-t-elle déclaré.
L’événement a été organisé par le Centre de recherche africain sur la santé et la population (APHRC) et a mis en lumière l’urgence d’adopter des mesures d’adaptation face à l’impact croissant du changement climatique sur la santé publique.
Conseils de prévention et bulletin d’alerte précoce
En attendant des solutions pratiques, Dr Mané a recommandé de se fier au bulletin d’alerte précoce, produit par l’ANACIM (Agence nationale de l’aviation civile et de la météorologie) et le Centre de suivi écologique (CSE), pour alerter sur les vagues de chaleur et fournir des recommandations de prévention pour les personnes souffrant de maladies non transmissibles.
Elle a reconnu que le secteur de la santé avait pris du retard dans l’établissement du lien entre climat et santé, mais a souligné les efforts actuels pour rattraper ce retard. « Aujourd’hui, nous sommes pleinement engagés dans l’élaboration de stratégies pour faire face aux effets du changement climatique sur les maladies non transmissibles », a-t-elle déclaré.
Le but est d’intégrer les politiques sanitaires et climatiques dans une gouvernance commune, afin de répondre de manière plus ciblée aux défis posés par le changement climatique sur la santé publique.
Nécessité de fondements scientifiques solides
Dr Mané a également souligné l’importance de disposer de preuves scientifiques solides avant de prendre des mesures face aux effets du changement climatique.
« Nous ne pouvons pas juste nous baser sur des impressions ou des allégations pour répondre aux effets du changement climatique sur les personnes atteintes de maladies non transmissibles », a-t-elle précisé.
Elle a plaidé pour la mise en place d’une plateforme de gestion des connaissances, afin de mieux informer les acteurs de la santé, qui ne sont pas encore suffisamment formés sur les questions liées au changement climatique.
Impact des vagues de chaleur sur la santé publique
Les rapports sur l’impact du changement climatique sur la santé prédisent que les vagues de chaleur seront l’un des principaux problèmes de santé publique dans les années à venir, surtout dans un contexte de montée des maladies chroniques. « C’est pourquoi il est crucial que cette urgence climatique soit élevée au rang de priorité de santé publique », a ajouté Dr Mané.
La vision de la direction du changement climatique
Madeleine Diouf Sarr, directrice du changement climatique, de la transition écologique et des financements verts, a précisé que le lien entre santé et climat avait été abordé très tôt, à travers plusieurs études sur l’impact de l’augmentation des températures sur les écosystèmes.
« Une des premières études portait sur l’impact du changement climatique sur le paludisme, en raison de la prolifération des moustiques liés aux événements climatiques extrêmes, tels que les inondations », a-t-elle rappelé.
Cependant, elle a insisté sur le fait que ces études étaient fragmentaires et qu’il était nécessaire de mener des recherches plus approfondies pour mieux comprendre les corrélations entre événements climatiques et risques sanitaires.
« Le milieu de la santé est complexe et nécessite une analyse plus détaillée des paramètres climatiques et de leur influence sur la prévalence des maladies non transmissibles », a ajouté Madeleine Diouf Sarr.
Un projet de recherche en lien avec la santé et le climat
Un projet de recherche sur les interactions entre santé et climat sera lancé en mars prochain. Il sera mené sur trois ans dans les régions de Dakar, Kaolack, Saint-Louis et Matam.
Ce projet vise à approfondir la compréhension des effets du changement climatique sur la santé publique et à fournir des recommandations pour mieux intégrer les facteurs climatiques dans les politiques de santé.
VivAfrik
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