L’intensification des vagues de chaleur, la perturbation du cycle des précipitations ou encore la fonte des glaces. Ce sont des exemples bien connus des conséquences du réchauffement climatique anthropique. Mais il en est une qui peut sembler un peu plus surprenante. Des chercheurs le confirment aujourd’hui. Le réchauffement secoue notre Terre.
Les réseaux de sismographes enregistrent toutes sortes de tremblements de notre Terre. Ceux causés par le mouvement des plaques tectoniques ou encore par les éruptions volcaniques. Mais aussi ceux qui résultent de l’activité humaine. Pendant les mesures de confinement liées à la Covid-19, ils se sont ainsi fait les témoins d’un étonnant apaisement global de l’agitation de notre planète.
Quand les vagues font trembler la Terre
Mais le signal de fond à la fois le plus répandu et peut-être le moins connu du grand public que les sismographes enregistrent, c’est en quelque sorte l’écho du vrombissement des vagues. Il traduit les mouvements que les vagues induisent sur le fond marin.
Dans les régions où la profondeur de l’eau est inférieure à environ 300 mètres. Un bourdonnement constant d’une période comprise entre 14 et 20 secondes et que les chercheurs qualifient de microséisme mondial.
Des chercheurs de la Colorado State University (États-Unis) ont étudié les données recueillies depuis la fin des années 1980 sur 52 sites à travers le monde. Et ils rapportent aujourd’hui dans le journal Nature Communications que l’énergie moyenne des vagues a augmenté de 0,27 % par an sur la fin du XXe siècle. Et même de 0,35 % par an depuis 2000. Les vagues de l’Atlantique Nord étant celles qui se sont intensifiées le plus rapidement.
Ces résultats confirment que les tempêtes et les vagues s’intensifient à mesure que le climat se réchauffe. Les chercheurs expliquent en effet que les océans ont absorbé environ 90 % de l’excès de chaleur lié à nos émissions de gaz à effet de serre au cours des dernières décennies.
Cet excès d’énergie peut se traduire par des vagues plus dévastatrices et des tempêtes plus puissantes. Avec des effets encore augmentés par l’élévation du niveau moyen de la mer, elle aussi due au changement climatique. Un nouvel avertissement pour les populations côtières…
futura
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