Chez les femmes enceintes aussi, la vaccination contre la COVID fait une différence. Une compilation des études réalisées depuis un an et demi sur ce groupe chez qui les craintes de la vaccination étaient particulièrement élevées, confirme que le vaccin protège contre les infections mais surtout, qu’il réduit les risques d’enfants morts-nés de 27%.
Il faut rappeler que la COVID est associée à un risque accru de complications chez les femmes enceintes, incluant les fausses couches, et à un risque accru de complications chez le bébé, incluant un séjour aux soins intensifs. Une des questions derrière cette étude était donc de savoir si le vaccin réduisait ce risque. Tout tendait dans cette direction, puisqu’on avait eu le temps, en près de deux ans, d’établir que plusieurs pathologies étaient beaucoup plus présentes chez les patients atteints de la COVID -même chez les enfants.
Mais les femmes enceintes ont traditionnellement été une clientèle à part dans les essais de médicaments: on les écarte depuis longtemps de plusieurs des études ce qui, dans le cas de la COVID, a retardé l’arrivée de données fiables. Les inquiétudes autour du vaccin ont renforcé le problème et les chefs de file des mouvements antivaccins ont, dès l’automne 2020, délibérément ciblé les femmes enceintes.
Or, dans leur méta-analyse -une synthèse d’études- parue le 3 octobre dans la revue JAMA Pediatrics, huit chercheurs du Japon et des États-Unis concluent que la vaccination chez ces femmes est associée à un risque plus faible d’admission du nouveau-né aux soins intensifs que chez les mères non-vaccinées, et à un risque plus faible de mortalité à la naissance. On ne remarque aucune corrélation avec des naissances prématurées, des césariennes ou des hémorragies du post-partum.
Les chercheurs ont passé en revue neuf études totalisant, en date du 25 avril dernier, plus de 81 000 femmes ayant reçu au moins une dose du vaccin, avec 255 000 femmes non-vaccinées. L’âge moyen était légèrement plus élevé dans les groupes de vaccinées (32 à 35 ans, contre 29,5 à 33 ans).
À travers le monde, le taux de vaccination chez les femmes enceintes demeure toutefois beaucoup plus bas que dans la population générale.
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