On peut gracier Karim Wade et Khalifa Sall (c’est déjà fait). Mais on ne peut pas les amnistier, car l’amnistie vise des faits et non des personnes. Ils peuvent, toutefois, bénéficier des effets d’une loi d’amnistie. Autre chose : qu’on soit condamné ou pas encore jugé, on peut bénéficier des effets d’une loi d’amnistie.
Voici une idée de comment on rédige une loi d’amnistie. La preuve par la loi N° 2005-05 du 17 février 2005 portant loi d’amnistie (loi Isidore Ezzan dont avait bénéficié Clédor Sène et Cie). Voici la teneur de cette loi :
_L’Assemblée nationale a adopté en sa séance du vendredi 7 janvier 2005 :
_Le conseil constitutionnel ayant statué par sa décision n° 1-C-2005 du 12 février 2005 ;
_Le président de la République promulgue la loi dont la teneur suit :
Article 1.- Sont amnistiées, de plein droit, toutes les infractions criminelles ou correctionnelles commises, tant au Sénégal qu’à l’étranger, en relation avec les élections générales ou locales, ayant eu une motivation politique, situées entre le 1er Janvier 1983 et le 31 Décembre 2004, que leurs auteurs aient été jugés ou non.
Article 2.- L’amnistie de l’infraction entraîne sans qu’elle puisse jamais donner lieu à restitution, la remise totale de toutes les peines principales, accessoires et complémentaires, ainsi que la disparition de toutes les déchéances, exclusions, incapacités et privations de droits attachées à la peine.
Article 3.- L’amnistie n’emporte pas de plein droit la réintégration dans les fonctions ou dans les emplois publics.
Le bénéficiaire de l’amnistie peut toutefois être réintégré dans les fonctions ou emplois par décret.
Cette réintégration ne donne lieu, en aucun cas, à reconstitution de carrière, indemnité ou rappel de traitement.
Article 4.- L’amnistie n’emporte pas de plein droit la réintégration dans les ordres nationaux. Celle – ci ne peut être prononcée que par décret individuel.
Article 5.- Les effets des condamnations en ce qui concerne les droits à la retraite cesseront à compter de la date d’entrée en vigueur de la présente loi.
Article 6.- L’amnistie ne préjudicie pas aux droits des tiers.
En cas d’instance sur les intérêts civils, le dossier pénal sera versé aux débats et mis à la disposition des parties.
L’amnistie n’est pas applicable aux frais de poursuite avancés par l’Etat, qui ne pourront être recouvrés par le Trésor que par voie de commandement civil. La contrainte par corps ne peut être exercée contre les condamnés ayant bénéficiés de l’amnistie, si ce n’est à la requête des victimes de l’infraction ou de leurs ayant droit.
Article 7.- Les contestations relatives à l’application de la présente loi d’amnistie sont jugées par la chambre d’accusation dans les conditions prévues par les articles 727 alinéas 2 et 735 du Code de Procédure pénale.
Article 8.- Il est interdit à tout magistrat ou fonctionnaire de rappeler ou de laisser subsister sous quelque forme que ce soit dans un dossier judiciaire ou de police ou dans tout document officiel, les condamnations, déchéances, exclusions, incapacités et privations de droit attachées à la peine effacée par l’amnistie sauf dispositions prévues à l’article 7 de la présente loi.
Toutefois, les minutes des jugements ou arrêts ainsi que les décrets, arrêtés et décisions pris dans le cadre de la fonction publique ou des Ordres nationaux échappent à cette interdiction lorsqu’ils ont été déposés dans les greffes ou aux Archives nationales.
Article 9.- L’amnistie ne met pas obstacle à l’action en révision devant toute juridiction compétence en vue de faire établir l’innocence du condamné.
La présente loi constitutionnelle sera exécutée comme loi de l’Etat
Fait à Dakar, le 17 Février 2005
Par le Président de la République :
Abdoulaye WADE
Le Premier Ministre,
Macky SALL
surleterrain
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