La pollution de l’air est un fléau silencieux qui affecte 99 % de la population mondiale. Alors que les conséquences immédiates sur la santé sont manifestes, les impacts à long terme, souvent insidieux, sont encore plus préoccupants. Entre décès prématurés, maladies chroniques et risques pour les futures générations, la nécessité d’agir n’a jamais été aussi pressante.
Près de 99 % des personnes dans le monde respirent un air ne respectant pas les directives de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) en matière de qualité de l’air. Ce phénomène alarmant a des répercussions directes sur la santé, alerte l’Inserm. Les voies respiratoires ne sont pas les seules touchées, d’autres organes vitaux sont atteints.
La pollution atmosphérique est à l’origine de plus de quatre millions de décès prématurés chaque année, selon l’OMS. Les principales causes de ces décès incluent des obstructions et infections respiratoires, des accidents cardiovasculaires et des cancers.
Les polluants les plus nocifs pour notre santé sont les particules fines, notamment les PM2,5. Lors de pics de pollution, on observe une augmentation significative des hospitalisations dues à des allergies, des infections respiratoires et d’autres maladies.
Ces pics peuvent également provoquer une diminution temporaire de la capacité pulmonaire et exacerber les symptômes de maladies respiratoires telles que l’asthme et la BPCO.
Les conséquences à long terme de la pollution de l’air
Si les effets immédiats de la pollution de l’air sur la santé sont incontestables, les conséquences à long terme sont également très préoccupantes.
Une exposition chronique, même à de faibles niveaux, peut entraîner des maladies graves comme le cancer du poumon, des maladies cardiovasculaires et respiratoires. Les femmes enceintes exposées à la pollution ont un risque accru d’accouchement prématuré et de naissance d’un enfant de faible poids.
De plus, des études récentes établissent des liens entre la pollution atmosphérique et d’autres problèmes de santé, comme le diabète, l’obésité, les allergies et les troubles neurodégénératifs.
Et il reste encore beaucoup à apprendre.
Des composés potentiellement dangereux, tels que les particules ultrafines, sont encore insuffisamment étudiés. L’exploration des effets sur la santé de la pollution atmosphérique est essentielle pour orienter les politiques de santé publique.
futura
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