Plusieurs pays africains importateurs du riz venant d’Inde, dont le Sénégal, sont touchés par cette décision. L’Inde a mis le marché du riz en alerte en décidant d’interdire toute exportation de brisures de riz et d’instaurer une taxe à l’exportation sur les riz blanc et brun. Cette céréale est la denrée de base de la moitié de l’humanité.
Sur la campagne 2021-2022, le Sénégal a importé d’Inde un million de tonnes de riz, ce qui montre l’énorme dépendance de ce pays. Les régions indiennes qui produisent du riz sont confrontées à une sécheresse importante, ce qui a poussé New Delhi à prendre cette décision de restreindre ses exportations.
Les régions indiennes qui produisent du riz sont confrontées à une sécheresse importante, ce qui a poussé New Delhi à prendre cette décision de restreindre ses exportations.
L’Inde restreint ses exportations de riz avec effet immédiat. Les premiers avertissements
Les pays concernés ont été avisés au mois de mai et depuis, ils n’ont pas encore trouvé d’alternative durable.
Momath Cissé, vice-président de l’association des consommateurs du Sénégal estime que « la production locale est en train d’être transformée mais qu’elle ne peut qu’assurer une couverture de trois mois. »
Le Bénin importe pour sa part d’Inde 75% du riz consommé dans le pays. Mais il y a un autre problème : une partie des importations est détournée illégalement vers le Nigeria et le Burkina Faso.
Les restrictions de l’Inde, une aubaine pour l’alliance Thaïlande-Vietnam…
Mais avec la mesure annoncée par New Delhi, certaines habitudes devront disparaître et le marché local béninois sera obligé de réduire sa consommation. Honorat Satoguina, un analyste économique béninois :
« Peut-être que cela va être une opportunité dans la mesure où le riz local, qui a souvent été délaissé, sera prisé par les consommateurs parce que l’autre riz étant touché, le marché, la demande locale, vont s’intéresser au riz qui est disponible. »
A part la consommation qui risque d’être réduite, Momath Cissé isnsiste sur le fait qu’ »on ne peut pas arriver à l’autosuffisance avec une monoculture, c’est-à-dire cultiver une fois dans l’année, alors qu’il y a des terres et qu’il y a de l’eau. »
D’autres pays comme le Sénégal seront obligés de doubler leur production nationale. Pour le moment, ce pays produit moins d’un million de tonnes de riz par an mais pour satisfaire les consommateurs sénégalais, il lui faut au moins en importer autant.
La Thaïlande est particulièrement bien positionnée d’autant plus que le pays anticipe une hausse de 500 000 tonnes de ses exportations de riz à 7,5 millions de tonnes avec la faiblesse de sa monnaie locale (baht) et une bonne récolte, selon Ecofin.
….Et un casse-tête pour plusieurs pays africains. La mesure devrait éveiller les esprits
Sur le continent africain, où 40 % du riz consommé provient des importations, la décision de l’Inde fait naître des inquiétudes dans la mesure où le pays asiatique est le premier fournisseur de ce marché. Dans la zone, les importations de riz dépassent les 14 millions de tonnes par an depuis 2018 pour plus de 7 milliards $.
Pour l’essentiel, les effets de la mesure à l’échelle de chaque pays dépendront du niveau des stocks, de l’état de dépendance vis-à-vis de l’approvisionnement indien ou de la durée de la restriction. Déjà, plusieurs observateurs soulignent que le Sénégal sera l’un des pays où la prohibition à l’export pour le riz 100 % brisé sera la plus scrutée.
En effet, dans la seconde économie de l’UEMOA, 98 % du riz importé est du riz brisé pas cher qui entre dans la composition du plat national « Thiéboudiène ». Cette variété est préférée par les consommateurs parfois au détriment du riz blanc entier produit localement qui est écoulé en partie vers la Guinée-Bissau, le Mali, la Gambie et la Mauritanie.
AA
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