Pr Abdoulaye Diouf Upa, sur les usines de fabrication de Poisson
Les usines de fabrication de farine de poisson demeurent une problématique qui met en grogne depuis des années les acteurs de la pêche. Pour le Pr Abdoulaye Diouf, enseignant chercheur à l’Institut universitaire de pêche et d’aquaculture (IUPA) à l’université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, c’est “un mal nécessaire” puisque les usines de farine de poisson à l’origine étaient installées pour valoriser les déchets qui viennent des industries de transformation.
“A l’origine, quand on installait les usines de farine de poisson, c’était pour résorber les déchets qui viennent de la transformation. Les industries de transformation génèrent des déchets à travers le filtrage, les conserves et les produits de haut de gamme. Maintenant ces déchets doivent être valorisés par quelqu’un et c’est la farine de poisson qui est la meilleure solution pour cela. Il y a des industries qui vont le filtrage du poisson, il y a d’autres qui font les conserves. Cela génère des déchets et il fallait inéluctablement les transformer sinon on va les jeter dans la nature et ce sera des sources de pollution”, a expliqué le Pr Diouf lors d’un atelier de conception de programmes de formation courte durée en transformation des produits halieutiques, initié par le Centre d’excellence africain en agriculture pour la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle Cea-Agrisan et l’Institut universitaire de pêche et d’aquaculture (IUPA).
Il assure que “le problème qui se pose c’est, est-ce que ces usines doivent s’approvisionner au niveau des plages pour prendre la matière première de qualité ?
Au Sénégal, quand on parle de sécurité alimentaire, c’est la sardinelle (yaboye) et le chinchard qui sont ciblés; maintenant, on ne peut pas se permettre de prendre ces produits de luxe pour les populations qui n’ont pas des revenus élevés pour que le bétail puisse entrer en compétition avec les humains. C’est ce qui incompréhensible de la part des consommateurs”.
Au-delà de la menace sur la sécurité alimentaire, ces usines de farine de poissons sont également indexées comme pollueurs.
En ce sens, Pr Abdoulaye Diouf assure que toutes les usines font l’étude d’impact environnemental et il y a certaines règles à respecter par rapport à la distance entre les populations et ces entreprises qui doivent être hors agglomération.
Il précise que dans le code de l’environnement, la distance entre les entreprises moins pollueurs et les habitations est de 100 mètres. Et pour les usines de fabrication de farine de poisson, la distance minimale est de 500 mètres.
“A l’état actuel de la réglementation, il n’ y a pas de texte qui interdit l’installation d’usine de farine de poisson. Mais le ministère est en train de travailler dans ce sens pour au moins mettre en place un texte qui limite l’installation d’unités de farine de poisson puisque c’est la sécurité alimentaire qui est ciblée par le Sénégal et ce sont les mêmes espèces que ciblent les unités de farine puisqu’elles ont de la matière grasse et que la teneur en protéines également est de mise”.
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