Le processus de retour des populations déplacées de l’arrondissement de Niassya, dans le département de Ziguinchor, peine à prendre forme. Des populations déplacées font encore face à la problématique des mines dans ces zones devenus de véritables forets.
Kayinga, Badem et autre Bouniack présentent encore l’image de villages fantômes et tardent à retrouver leurs populations.
Le pari de la sécurisation relevé après les opérations de ratissage menées par l’armée sénégalaise en Mai 2021, reste maintenant le défi du déminage pour redonner vie à ces villages fantômes et où les populations affichent pourtant un engouement de retour.
Presque plus de deux ans après les bombardements de l’armée qui y a chassé les bandes armées, que sont devenus ces villages ?
Reportage sur les lieux.
Débarrassés des bandes armées et déblayés par l’armée sénégalaise après des opérations de ratissage menées en Mai Juin 2021, certains villages de l’arrondissement de Niassya restent encore et toujours en état de « villages fantômes » sans habitants.
L’armée sénégalaise qui avait effectué d’intenses bombardements pour chasser les bandes armées a certes nettoyé la zone mais ces anciens sanctuaires rebelles restent encore inhabitables.
Ces zones de l’Arrondissement de Niassya pourtant bien sécurisées peinent encore à retrouver leurs populations déplacées.
Perdus dans la forêt, seuls les cris des animaux vous renseignent sur ces zones jadis rayées de la carte et qui sont désormais ouvertes au retour de ses populations. La psychose des mines hante toujours ces populations.
Malgré un grand engouement manifesté pour le retour, les populations sont freinées dans leur élan par la problématique des mines qui ont fini d’infester ces terres.
De Basséré à Badem en passant par Kayinga dans l’arrondissement de Niassya, le retour reste très timide et parfois même inexistant dans certaines zones.
Les fruits mûrs sont à la merci des animaux, les anacardiers qui fleurissent, les citronniers, les orangers etc renseignent sur le riche potentiel agricole dans cette zone. Mais personne pour effectuer la récolte dans ces zones ; ce sont des tonnes de fruits qui sont perdues.
Ces zones ont été nettoyées par l’armée qui, dans d’intenses opérations de sécurisation, avait chassé les bandes armées en ouvrant une possibilité de retour des populations déplacées qui attendent maintenant que les terres soient déminées.
Pour l’ancien député Demba Keita, « l’insécurité est à deux niveaux : les bandes armées et l’autre problématique, ce sont les mines anti personnel. Aujourd’hui, il faut que les populations soient beaucoup rassurées sur les conditions de dépollution. Dans le Niassya, le déminage n’a pas beaucoup avancé dans les zones de Badem, Ayinga un peu vers Kaguitte.
Et c’est là où il faut avancer en interpellant les opérateurs de déminage comme le Centre d’Action Anti Mine CNAMS pour qu’ils puissent enclencher les opérations de déminage ».
Des zones très dangereuses avec des mines.
D’ailleurs, c’est dans ces zones notamment à Kaylou que douze démineurs de l’operateur Sud-Africain MEKHEM avaient été enlevés puis libérés par des bandes armées, il y’a quelques années. « Faire des études et enquêtes techniques pour s’assurer que ces zones ne sont pas minées et si elles le sont, qu’on trouve des ressources.
Je crois que c’est ça qui retient ces populations », déplore le parlementaire originaire de la zone.
Le déminage humanitaire, une urgence
La priorité des priorités reste ainsi le déminage humanitaire, clament les populations de ces zones retrouvées dans certains centres urbains de la région de Ziguinchor. Toutefois, certains villages qui sont dans cette dynamique de retour s’organisent et à travers des rencontres tentent de dégager des stratégies pour sonner leur retour.
A Mahamouda et une partie de Badem, ces populations effectuent par moment des opérations d’élagage pour déblayer la zone gagnée par une forte végétation après le départ « en exil » de ses populations.
Ces zones sont devenues complètement des forêts, d’où une nécessite d’accompagnement et d’encadrement de ces populations.
Et lorsque le chef de village de Basséré, François Sagna, évoque la question du retour difficile des populations, c’est pour dire qu’« Il faut d’abord se retrouver et parler d’une seule voix avant de retrouver ces villages longtemps abandonnés.
Déblayer la zone, sortir des pistes et tout nettoyer avant un retour : ce sont les exigences du moment dans ces villages. Nous organisons des rencontres, des réunions.
Lorsque l’armée y effectuait ses opérations de ratissage, il n’y avait personne sur place. Ces villages étaient devenus des forêts .Autre chose également, il faudra convaincre nos enfants qui sont nés dans des villes comme Ziguinchor et autres qu’il nous faut retrouver nos terres … », déclare Le notable.
Des villages devenus des forêts
Ces villages abandonnés attendent en vérité de retrouver leurs populations qui avaient tout abandonné : champs ; maisons …et autre biens sous la contrainte des bandes armées qui avaient élu domicile dans ces zones avant d’y être chassées par l’armée sénégalaise qui reste cependant sur le qui-vive.
« Il faut aussi voir très rapidement comment à travers tout le partenariat qui se dessine dans ce processus d’accompagnement créer des points d’eau et mettre très rapidement à la disposition du matériel de construction pour encourager le retour», plaide Mr Keita. Les puits abandonnés depuis 1992 se sont soit effondrés soit sont impraticables.
Mais aussi l’implication des eaux et forêts est souhaitée pour éviter une déforestation de ces zones.
Ce retour très timide dans ces zones de l’arrondissement de Niassya contraste d’avec la dynamique de retour effectif dans l’arrondissement de Niaguis où les opérations de sécurisation par l’armée ont complétement changé de visage. Le retour effectif de ces populations imprime la joie de vivre sur place. Les populations qui ont sonné leur retour dans ces villages ont repris depuis leurs activités.
A signaler que l’armée qui a mené des opérations de sécurisation dans ces zones de déplacés reste encore visible dans ces zones pour éviter tout retour et agissements des bandes armées chassées de leur bases démantelées.
Les villages sécurisés attendent maintenant impatiemment un déclenchement des opérations de déminage pour retrouver enfin leurs populations qui interpellent l’Etat et les ONG sur la nécessité d’augmenter la cadence d’une assistance et d’un accompagnement qui peuvent imprimer un nouvel espoir d’une vie meilleure pour les populations déplacées qui ont longtemps erré à travers les centres urbains de la région et qui veulent enfin retrouver les terres de leurs ancêtres.
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