Souvent donné en exemple en Afrique en matière de gestion des affaires publiques et de par sa stabilité, le Sénégal n’est pourtant pas ce qu’il prétend être. En d’autres termes, ce n’est pas «un pays démocratique». C’est la position affirmée de l’enseignant-chercheur, Hamidou Ba, du Centre des hautes études de défense et de sécurité.
Il a argumenté sa position hier lors du Forum sur l’état de la démocratie au Sénégal, organisé par l’institut Ejicom, en partenariat avec la fondation allemande Heinrich Böll.
Bien que le Sénégal n’ait jamais connu de coup d’Etat militaire et que le pays a connu deux transitions politiques pacifiques, il n’en est pour autant pas une démocratie.
C’est en tout cas l’avis de Hamidou Ba. Enseignant-chercheur, chargé de cours à l’Ism, l’Ugb et l’Ejicom, il estime que «le Sénégal n’est pas un pays démocratique. Il n’a jamais fonctionné comme il devrait l’être». Invité à partager sa réflexion sur l’état de la démocratie, lors du forum éponyme organisé par l’Ejicom, Hamidou Ba base sa pensée sur 3 éléments que sont l’égalité des citoyens devant la loi, la liberté d’expression et le sort réservé aux opposants.
Pour lui, sur ces 3 tableaux, le Sénégal traîne les pieds. «Dans l’histoire du Sénégal, on n’a jamais eu de pluralisme politique, même si actuellement on parle de plus de 300 partis politiques.
Dans le pluralisme, il y a des règles à respecter. Avec cette bipolarisation opposition-pouvoir, selon le bord où vous vous trouvez, on accepte ou pas votre pensée. Le pluralisme permet d’alimenter en termes d’idées politiques, la direction à prendre. Car ça permet d’enrichir les décisions politiques, de vider les dissidences, les désaccords», a-t-il fait valoir hier.
Avant de préciser : «On n’est pas dans la liberté d’expression. On est dans un régime de délit d’opinion. Toutes les opinions devraient être acceptées sauf celles sur le racisme, le sexisme, sur des choses contre la construction de la Nation. Des journalistes, dans le cadre de leur travail, ont été emprisonnés. Des opposants ont manifesté leurs désaccords et se ont retrouvés en prison.»
L’enseignant-chercheur indique que les événements de mars 2021 et de juin dernier ne sont pas une exception.
«Cela se vérifie depuis Senghor en passant par Diouf et Wade, sans oublier Macky Sall. Abdoulaye Wade a fait les meilleurs progrès par rapport aux autres présidents. Au Sénégal, il y a systématiquement de la violence contre les opposants. C’est structurel. En 1962, on a vu comment Mamadou Dia a été emprisonné pour 10 ans. Ensuite, il y a eu Oumar Blondin Diop, Moustapha Lô qui, en moins de 3 mois, a été jugé, condamné à mort et placé devant un peloton d’exécution de 12 personnes.
Wade a eu des méthodes beaucoup plus détournées, mais on a vu comment il s’y est pris», a-t-il avancé.
Cette «absence de démocratie» n’est pas sans conséquence sur la bonne marche des institutions. Sengane Senghor de la Raddho a rappelé les propos de l’Union des magistrats du Sénégal en 2017. «La justice n’est pas indépendante», a-t-il rapporté pour répondre à la question de savoir s’il y a une séparation des pouvoirs au Sénégal.
Pour lui, il ne peut y avoir de séparation des pouvoirs si l’Exécutif a une mainmise sur la carrière des fonctionnaires de la Justice. «Si l’Exécutif peut procéder à des changements de poste par nécessité de service, cela ne peut garantir une liberté aux magistrats, surtout carriéristes» a-t-il ajouté. Mais à la question de savoir si le Président devrait siéger ou non au Conseil supérieur de la magistrature,
Senghor répond par l’affirmative. «Nous savons lire les décisions de Justice. Il faut une autorité politique pour ramener de l’ordre. C’est une nécessité», a-t-il répondu.
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