Pris à la gorge par le manque de gaz russe, les pays européens sont prêts à tout pour trouver des sources alternatives. Et le gaz du Sénégal, presque à leurs portes, a tous les attraits. L’ennui est que la production est déjà réservée à des clients d’Asie. Jusqu’où sont prêts à aller les Occidentaux pour ce produit ?

Beaucoup de Sénégalais ont pensé, depuis le conflit en Ukraine et les conséquences qui s’en sont suivies, que les hydrocarbures aux larges de nos côtes pourraient remplacer valablement le gaz russe dans les foyers et les usines européens. A croire qu’ils étaient dans les secrets des dieux. En marge de ses discussions à Rotterdam la semaine dernière, le chef de l’Etat Macky Sall a échangé avec des journalistes sur la manière dont le gaz de Gta pourrait être commercialisé en Europe au moment de son exploitation.

Le chef de l’Etat sénégalais a assuré aux confrères, le 6 septembre dernier, que des négociations étaient en cours pour déterminer les marchés à fournir, «y compris le marché européen». Le Président a indiqué à Bloomberg.com, que des pays asiatiques étaient également intéressés par le produit.

En fait, le gaz sénégalo-mauritanien de Grand Tortue Aymehin (Gta) va entrer en exploitation au moment où les pays européens cherchent désespérément des alternatives au gaz russe, dans un contexte de sanctions politiques et économiques contre le pays de Vladimir Poutine, suivies de restrictions à l’exportation de ce produit que les dirigeants russes ont imposées en représailles. Le gaz découvert à la frontière entre la Mauritanie et le Sénégal, et exploité par les sociétés britannique de British Petroleum (Bp) et américaine Kosmos Energy, même s’il n’est pas des plus importants quantitativement, a pris une importance considérable.

Alors que la Décision finale d’investissement prévoyait une production de 2,5 millions de tonnes de Gnl par an dans la première phase, quantité principalement destinée au marché asiatique, les Occidentaux seraient en train de faire des pieds et des mains pour faire changer les choses. Leur souhait serait, sinon de pousser le Sénégal à renégocier les contrats déjà passés avec les pays asiatiques, pour consacrer la majeure partie de la production aux marchés européens, du moins, d’obtenir une certaine quantité dudit gaz. C’est dans ce sens qu’il faut comprendre la noria des visites de dignitaires européens à Dakar. Il y a eu d’abord le Commissaire européen à l’Energie, Khadri Simson, et ensuite le Chancelier allemand, Olaf Scholz, qui est venu à Dakar en mai dernier. Ces visites avaient officiellement pour objectif de discuter gaz et énergies renouvelables. Il y a depuis avant-hier, le passage du chef de l’Etat polonais, Andrzej Duda.

Tous ces dirigeants ne cachent pas leur volonté «d’aider» le Sénégal et la Mauritanie à augmenter la capacité de production de Gta, afin que l’Europe puisse en bénéficier. Les deux pays ne sont certainement pas insensibles à cette nouvelle situation dont l’ironie échappe à peu de personnes.

Lors de la Cop 26 à Glasgow, les dirigeants européens avaient pris la résolution de ne plus financer l’exploitation de nouvelles sources d’énergie fossile ; au grand dam des pays africains dont le Sénégal. Macky Sall n’a, depuis lors, jamais cessé de dénoncer cette injustice, rappelant que les Occidentaux avaient basé leur développement sur les énergies fossiles, et ils voulaient en priver les Africains qui, eux, ne disposent même pas encore de sources d’énergie.

Le chef de l’Etat a même rappelé à Rotterdam que, «selon le dernier Rapport de l’Agence internationale de l’énergie, dans l’hypothèse maximale où le continent exploiterait toutes ses découvertes gazières (plus de 5000 milliards de m3), sur 30 ans, le cumul de ses émissions représenterait à peine une part négligeable de 3,5% des émissions mondiales». Aujourd’hui, le contexte de la guerre d’Ukraine et des sanctions sur le gaz a fait que les Européens, et les Allemands en tête, se ruent vers le gaz de schiste des Américains et des Canadiens. Le gaz sénégalais, dans ces conditions, devient des plus compétitifs.

Le Gnl extrait de Gta se trouvera à un maximum de 4 jours de l’Europe, contre une douzaine pour le gaz exporté d’Amérique, et une semaine environ du pipeline de North Stream. C’est dire que le Sénégal et la Mauritanie sont entrés de plain-pied dans les stratégies géopolitiques qui secouent le monde occidental. Et cela est pour le moment, pour les Occidentaux, plus important que les prises de position africaines pour ou contre leur guerre contre la Russie.

Les négociateurs africains devraient néanmoins faire attention à ne pas céder facilement aux mirages occidentaux. Le danger serait de remettre en cause des contrats déjà signés en bonne et due forme avec des clients asiatiques, pour profiter de l’actuelle flambée des prix, et chercher à privilégier des Européens étouffés par le manque de gaz russe. Attention à ne pas se retrouver dans une situation similaire à celle du contrat de Kumba Resources avec le fer de la Falémé, dans laquelle les mirages d’Arcelor Mittal nous avaient entraînés.
lequotidien

Part.

39 commentaires

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  10. By Maria Martinez

    LUXEMBOURG, Oct 7 (Reuters) – Germany’ѕ economic modrl іs not broken but Europe’s biggest
    economy һaѕ lost competitiveness over the paѕt decade, German Finance Miister Christian Lindmer ѕaid on Mondɑy.

    « We can’t be satisfied with the economic developments in Germany, » he told journalists ahead οf ɑ Eurogroup meeting.

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    economy, ѡhich was thе weakest amⲟng its large eeuro zone peers lqst year with a 0.3% decline iin grоss domestic product.

    Lindner ѕaid the ggovernment ԝаs introducing supply-side measures
    to try too return the economy tο growth.

    « After these reforms, Germany will have more competitiveness again, » Lindner saiԁ, adding that the growth initiative waѕ jᥙst а first
    step for an economic turnaround, « but we have to build on it. »

    AMBITION ΝEEDED

    Lindner ѕaid « ambition » wаs needeԁ to keeр EU public finances іn ordеr,
    or tο ρut hem back in ordеr ѡhеre necеssary.

    « I can only encourage everyone to implement structural reforms and to make unpopular decisions, » Lindner said.
    « What seems to be unpopular at the moment is the willingness to take responsibility for the next generation and for the stability of the European Union as a whole. »

    Lindner ѕaid һе couⅼd nnot comment on the French budget plans ƅecause he hadd not һad tһе chance tto
    talk with his French colleagues yet, bbut һe would do sо on Monday evening.

    « We should all realise that the credibility of public finances vis-à-vis the capital markets is not to be trifled with, »
    Lindner said.

    « We must credibly reduce our deficits and our debt so that we can continue to finance ourselves well and in a stable manner. »

    (Reporting ƅy Maria Martinez, Editing Ƅү Miranda Murray and Christina Fincher)

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  14. As of 2021, Binod Chaudhary is considered one οf the wealthiest individuals іn Nepal.
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